Educational technologies for teaching hand hygiene: Systematic review.

AIM: To gather available scientific evidence on technologies used to teach hand hygiene to professional populations and lays involved in health care in the hospital setting. This systematic review was designed as proposed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, included studies reporting primary, original, quantitative research findings with no date limit and written in English, Spanish or Portuguese. The search was performed in the following electronic databases: Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, US National Library of Medicine, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and ProQuest. The eligibility criteria were applied independently by two reviewers to select the studies, first by reading the titles and abstracts on the Rayyan platform and then by full text reading of the eligible studies. After a descriptive analysis, the studies were subjected to critical evaluation of their methodological quality using JBI tools. RESULTS: Seven studies were included, addressing various methods for teaching hand hygiene using different technological resources, such as audiovisual electronic devices, videos, virtual reality, and gamification using tablets and smartphones, in different populations. CONCLUSION: Using technologies to teach hand hygiene considerably helps patients, visitors, and relatives in learning the procedures and efficiently improves hand hygiene compliance rates among healthcare professionals, creating evidence-based repetitive learning opportunities for patients and caregivers.

Correlation between time on target and glycated hemoglobin in people with diabetes mellitus: systematic review. / Correlación entre tiempo en rango y hemoglobina glicosilada en personas con diabetes mellitus: revisión sistemática.

to analyze the correlation between time on target and glycated hemoglobin in people living with diabetes mellitus and carrying out continuous blood glucose monitoring or self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose.systematic review of etiology and risk based on JBI guidelines and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses, covering six databases and grey literature. The sample included 16 studies and methodological quality was assessed using JBI tools. Protocol registered in the Open Science Framework, available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NKMZB.time on target (70-180 mg/dl) showed a negative correlation with glycated hemoglobin, while time above target (>180 mg/dl) showed a positive correlation. Correlation coefficients ranged between -0.310 and -0.869 for time on target, and between 0.66 and 0.934 for time above target. A study was carried out on a population that performed self-monitoring.there is a statistically significant correlation between time on target and time above target with glycated hemoglobin. The higher the proportion in the adequate glycemic range, the closer to or less than 7% the glycated hemoglobin will be. More studies are needed to evaluate this metric with data from self-monitoring of blood glucose.

Correlación entre tiempo en rango y hemoglobina glicosilada en personas con diabetes mellitus: revisión sistemática / Correlation between time on target and glycated hemoglobin in people with diabetes mellitus: systematic review / Correlação entre tempo no alvo e hemoglobina glicada de pessoas com diabetes mellitus: revisão sistemática

Objetivo: analizar la correlación entre el tiempo en rango y la hemoglobina glicosilada de personas que viven con diabetes mellitus y realizan la monitorización continua de la glucemia o el automonitoreo de la glucemia capilar Método: revisión sistemática de etiología y riesgo basada en las directrices del JBI e informada según los Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, abarcando seis bases de datos y la literatura gris. La muestra incluyó 16 estudios y la calidad metodológica fue evaluada utilizando las herramientas del JBI. Protocolo registrado en Open Science Framework, disponible en https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NKMZB. Resultados: tiempo en rango (70-180 mg/dl) mostró una correlación negativa con la hemoglobina glicosilada, mientras que el tiempo por encima del rango (>180 mg/dl) mostró una correlación positiva. Los coeficientes de correlación variaron entre -0,310 y -0,869 para el tiempo en rango, y entre 0,66 y 0,934 para el tiempo por encima del rango. Un estudio se realizó en una población que hacía el automonitoreo. Conclusión: hay una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el tiempo en rango y el tiempo por encima del rango con la hemoglobina glicosilada. Cuanto mayor sea la proporción en el rango glucémico adecuado, más cerca o por debajo del 7% estará la hemoglobina glicosilada. Se necesitan más estudios que evalúen esta métrica con datos del automonitoreo de la glucemia.

Objective: to analyze the correlation between time on target and glycated hemoglobin in people living with diabetes mellitus and carrying out continuous blood glucose monitoring or self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose. Method: systematic review of etiology and risk based on JBI guidelines and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses, covering six databases and grey literature. The sample included 16 studies and methodological quality was assessed using JBI tools. Protocol registered in the Open Science Framework, available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NKMZB. Results: time on target (70-180 mg/dl) showed a negative correlation with glycated hemoglobin, while time above target (>180 mg/dl) showed a positive correlation. Correlation coefficients ranged between -0.310 and -0.869 for time on target, and between 0.66 and 0.934 for time above target. A study was carried out on a population that performed self-monitoring. Conclusion: there is a statistically significant correlation between time on target and time above target with glycated hemoglobin. The higher the proportion in the adequate glycemic range, the closer to or less than 7% the glycated hemoglobin will be. More studies are needed to evaluate this metric with data from self-monitoring of blood glucose.

Objetivo: analisar a correlação entre o tempo no alvo e a hemoglobina glicada de pessoas que vivem com diabetes mellitus e realizam a monitorização contínua da glicemia ou a automonitorização da glicemia capilar. Método: revisão sistemática de etiologia e de risco pautada nas diretrizes do JBI e reportada conforme Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, abrangendo seis bases de dados e a literatura cinzenta. A amostra incluiu 16 estudos e a qualidade metodológica foi avaliada utilizando as ferramentas do JBI. Registrado protocolo no Open Science Framework, disponível em https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NKMZB. Resultados: tempo no alvo (70-180 mg/dl) apresentou correlação negativa com a hemoglobina glicada, enquanto o tempo acima do alvo (>180 mg/dl) mostrou correlação positiva. Os coeficientes de correlação variaram entre -0,310 e -0,869 para o tempo no alvo, e entre 0,66 e 0,934 para o tempo acima do alvo. Um estudo foi efetuado com população que realizava a automonitorização. Conclusão: há correlação estatisticamente significativa entre o tempo no alvo e o tempo acima do alvo com a hemoglobina glicada. Quanto maior a proporção na faixa glicêmica adequada, mais próxima ou inferior a 7% estará a hemoglobina glicada. São necessários mais estudos que avaliem essa métrica com dados da automonitorização da glicemia.

Dressing to prevent surgical site infection in adult patients with cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To identify the most effective dressing for application to surgical wounds with primary closure to prevent surgical site infection (SSI) in adult patients with cancer undergoing elective surgeries. METHODS: This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, with online searches conducted in the CINHAL, Cochrane Central, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Livivo, and Web of Science databases. An additional search was conducted in gray literature using Google Scholar. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment and Development and Evaluation, and the results were synthesized in a descriptive manner and using meta-analysis. RESULTS: Eleven randomized clinical trials were conducted to compare different types of dressing-silver dressing with absorbent dressing (n = 3), mupirocin dressing with paraffin/no dressing (n = 1), honey-based dressing with absorbent dressing (n = 1), vitamin E and silicone-containing dressing with absorbent dressing (n = 1), and negative pressure wound therapy with absorbent dressing (n = 4)-and compare the usage duration of absorbent dressing (n = 1). Nine trials presented a low risk of bias, and two were classified as having uncertain bias. Compared with absorbent dressing, silver dressing did not reduce the risk of developing any type of SSI in 894 clinical trial participants (risk relative RR: 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.44, 1.17] p = 0.18). Compared with absorbent dressing, negative pressure wound therapy did not reduce the risk of developing any type of SSI in the 1041 participants of two clinical trials (RR 0.68; 95% CI [0.31, 1.26] p = 0.22). The certainty of evidence of the three meta-analyses was considered low or very low for the prevention of SSI. We believe that this low certainty of evidence can be improved by conducting new studies in the future. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence regarding which dressing is the most effective in preventing SSI in adult patients with cancer.

Use of technology for self-care in surgical wound infection surveillance: integrative review.

OBJECTIVES: to synthesize knowledge about technology for self-care in surgical wound infection surveillance. METHODS: integrative review conducted in CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases with the descriptors "surgical wound infection" and "self-care", in addition to manual search in the references of the included studies. The selection and evaluation of the methodological quality of the studies and data collection were performed by two independent reviewers; conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer. RESULTS: nine primary studies were included, published between 2011 and 2019. Six are cross-sectional, two are randomized clinical trials, and one is a case report. Mobile, text messaging, and imaging applications, computer software, assessments, and data storage capacity stand out. CONCLUSIONS: the technologies identified for self-care in surgical wound infection surveillance were the creation and use of mHealth and the use of health apps on mobile devices. Effective technologies in surveillance of surgical wound infection that enable rapprochement with the healthcare team, encourage a greater number of surgical wound assessments, enhance self-care actions, and decrease patient anxiety. Technology is also a monitored and recorded form of patient care, one of the main axes of infection surveillance.

Use of technology for self-care in surgical wound infection surveillance: integrative review / Uso de tecnología para el autocuidado en la vigilancia de infección de la herida quirúrgica: revisión integradora / Uso de tecnologia para o autocuidado na vigilância de infecção da ferida cirúrgica: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objectives: to synthesize knowledge about technology for self-care in surgical wound infection surveillance. Methods: integrative review conducted in CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases with the descriptors "surgical wound infection" and "self-care", in addition to manual search in the references of the included studies. The selection and evaluation of the methodological quality of the studies and data collection were performed by two independent reviewers; conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer. Results: nine primary studies were included, published between 2011 and 2019. Six are cross-sectional, two are randomized clinical trials, and one is a case report. Mobile, text messaging, and imaging applications, computer software, assessments, and data storage capacity stand out. Conclusions: the technologies identified for self-care in surgical wound infection surveillance were the creation and use of mHealth and the use of health apps on mobile devices. Effective technologies in surveillance of surgical wound infection that enable rapprochement with the healthcare team, encourage a greater number of surgical wound assessments, enhance self-care actions, and decrease patient anxiety. Technology is also a monitored and recorded form of patient care, one of the main axes of infection surveillance.

RESUMEN Objetivos: sintetizar el conocimiento sobre tecnología para el autocuidado en la vigilancia de infección de la herida quirúrgica. Métodos: revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science con los descriptores "surgical wound infection" y "self care", además de búsqueda manual en referencias de estudios incluidos. La selección y evaluación de la calidad metodológica de estudios y recolecta de datos fueron realizadas por dos revisores independientes; y los conflictos, por un tercero. Resultados: nueve estudios primarios fueron incluidos, publicados entre 2011 y 2019. Seis son de delineamento transversal, dos ensayos clínicos randomizados y un relato de caso. Destacados los aplicativos mobile, de mensajes de texto y de imágenes, softwares para ordenadores, evaluaciones y capacidad de almacenamiento de datos. Conclusiones: las tecnologías identificadas para el autocuidado en la vigilancia de infección de la herida quirúrgica fueron la creación y utilización de mHealth y uso de aplicativos de salud en dispositivos móviles. Tecnologías eficaces en la vigilancia de la infección de la herida quirúrgica que permiten acercamiento con el equipo de salud, incentivan un mayor número de evaluaciones de la herida quirúrgica, intensifican las acciones de autocuidado y disminuyen la ansiedad del paciente. La tecnología también es una manera monitorizada y registrada de atención al paciente, uno de los principales ejes de la vigilancia de infección.

RESUMO Objetivos: sintetizar o conhecimento sobre tecnologia para o autocuidado na vigilância de infecção da ferida cirúrgica. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science com os descritores "surgical wound infection" e "self care", além da busca manual nas referências dos estudos incluídos. A seleção e avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos estudos e coleta de dados foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes; e os conflitos, resolvidos por um terceiro revisor. Resultados: nove estudos primários foram incluídos, publicados entre 2011 e 2019. Seis são de delineamento transversal, dois ensaios clínicos randomizados e um relato de caso. Destacam-se os aplicativos mobile, de mensagens de texto e de imagens, softwares para computadores, avaliações e capacidade de armazenamento de dados. Conclusões: as tecnologias identificadas para o autocuidado na vigilância de infecção da ferida operatória foram a criação e utilização de mHealth e o uso de aplicativos de saúde em dispositivos móveis. Tecnologias eficazes na vigilância da infecção da ferida operatória que permitem aproximação com a equipe de saúde incentivam um maior número de avaliações da ferida operatória, intensificam as ações de autocuidado e diminuem a ansiedade do paciente. A tecnologia também é uma forma monitorizada e registrada de atendimento ao paciente, um dos principais eixos da vigilância de infecção.

Postoperative complications in adult patients undergoing surgery with confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2: An integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the evidence available in the literature about postoperative complications in adult patients undergoing surgical procedures with confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2. METHOD: an integrative literature review conducted in the CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, as well as in the gray literature. The references identified were exported to the EndNote manager and, subsequently, to the Rayyan web application for study selection. The stages of sampling, categorization of studies, evaluation of the studies included, interpretation of the results and knowledge synthesis were performed by two reviewers independently and in a masked manner. The data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: of the 247 articles identified, 15 were selected to comprise this review. The prevalent postoperative complications in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were the following: cough, dyspnea and hypoxia, need for invasive mechanical ventilation or not, admission to the intensive care unit and death. CONCLUSION: the most reported postoperative complications in the studies evaluated were respiratory-related, followed by cardiovascular complications. The importance of preoperative screening for COVID-19 is highlighted, as well as of the monitoring and tracking of confirmed cases in the postoperative period, as these actions exert an impact on reducing the occurrence of complications related to SARS-CoV-2.

Postoperative complications in adult patients undergoing surgery with confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2: An integrative review / Complicaciones postoperatorias en pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía con infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2: revisión integradora / Complicações pós-operatórias em pacientes adultos submetidos a cirurgias com infecção confirmada por SARS-CoV-2: revisão integrativa

Objective: to analyze the evidence available in the literature about postoperative complications in adult patients undergoing surgical procedures with confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2. Method: an integrative literature review conducted in the CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, as well as in the gray literature. The references identified were exported to the EndNote manager and, subsequently, to the Rayyan web application for study selection. The stages of sampling, categorization of studies, evaluation of the studies included, interpretation of the results and knowledge synthesis were performed by two reviewers independently and in a masked manner. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results: of the 247 articles identified, 15 were selected to comprise this review. The prevalent postoperative complications in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were the following: cough, dyspnea and hypoxia, need for invasive mechanical ventilation or not, admission to the intensive care unit and death. Conclusion: the most reported postoperative complications in the studies evaluated were respiratory-related, followed by cardiovascular complications. The importance of preoperative screening for COVID-19 is highlighted, as well as of the monitoring and tracking of confirmed cases in the postoperative period, as these actions exert an impact on reducing the occurrence of complications related to SARS-CoV-2.

Objetivo: analizar la evidencia disponible en la literatura sobre las complicaciones postoperatorias en pacientes adultos sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos con infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en las bases de datos CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y literatura gris. Las referencias identificadas se exportaron al administrador EndNote y luego a la aplicación web Rayyan para la selección de estudios. Las etapas de muestreo, categorización de los estudios, evaluación de los estudios incluidos, interpretación de los resultados y síntesis del conocimiento fueron realizadas por dos revisores de forma independiente y enmascarada. Los datos se analizaron de forma descriptiva. Resultados: de los 247 artículos identificados, se seleccionaron 15 para componer esta revisión. Las complicaciones postoperatorias prevalentes en pacientes infectados por SARS-CoV-2 fueron: tos, disnea e hipoxia, necesidad de ventilación mecánica invasiva o no, ingreso en la unidad de terapia intensiva y muerte. Conclusión: las complicaciones postoperatorias más reportadas en los estudios evaluados fueron las respiratorias seguidas de las cardiovasculares. Se destaca la importancia del cribado preoperatorio de COVID-19, así como también del monitoreo y seguimiento de los casos confirmados en el postoperatorio, ya que son acciones que reducen la aparición de complicaciones relacionadas con el SARS-CoV-2.

Objetivo: analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre as complicações pós-operatórias em pacientes adultos submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos com infecção confirmada por SARS-CoV-2. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e na literatura cinzenta. As referências identificadas foram exportadas para o gerenciador EndNote e, em seguida, para o aplicativo web Rayyan para a seleção dos estudos. As etapas de amostragem, categorização dos estudos, avaliação dos estudos incluídos, interpretação dos resultados e síntese do conhecimento foram realizadas por dois revisores de forma independente e mascarada. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: dos 247 artigos identificados, 15 foram selecionados para compor a presente revisão. As complicações pós-operatórias prevalentes em pacientes infectados com SARS-CoV-2 foram: tosse, dispneia e hipóxia, necessidade de ventilação mecânica invasiva ou não, internação em unidade de terapia intensiva e óbito. Conclusão: destacaram-se, como complicações pós-operatórias mais relatadas nos estudos avaliados, as respiratórias seguidas das cardiovasculares. Ressalta-se a importância da triagem pré-operatória para COVID-19, bem como de acompanhamento e rastreamento de casos confirmados no pós-operatório, por serem ações que impactam na redução da ocorrência de complicações relacionadas ao SARS-CoV-2.

Effectiveness of interventions for the prevention of occupational violence against professionals in health services: a protocol for a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Occupational violence affects several categories of workers; however, the health sector category has been considered at a high risk, exposing workers to physical and psychological abuse. Thus, occupational violence has decreased the quality of care in health service. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for the prevention and reduction of occupational violence against health professionals. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This protocol is consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Searches will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and LIVIVO along with a comprehensive review of grey literature. The search will be conducted on August 1 st 2020, without language and time restrictions. Following the eligibility criteria, two independent reviewers will select the titles and abstracts and subsequently screen the full articles. If necessary, a third reviewer will assess any disagreements. All references will be imported into EndNote, and any duplicates will be removed. The data will be extracted using an extraction-based form from Cochrane. Statistical analyses will be performed using the software Cochrane Review Manager, and a meta-analysis will be performed if possible for the statistical combination of at least two studies. The risk of bias of the randomised clinical trials will be evaluated by the Risk of Bias tool from Cochrane, and the risk of bias of the non-randomised intervention studies will be evaluated using the Downs and Black scale. The quality of the evidence and strength of the classification recommendations will be assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This review will not evaluate individual patient information and therefore does not require ethical approval. The results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals, presentations at conferences and the doctoral thesis of the leading author. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018111383.

Higienização das mãos de cuidadores acompanhantes de pacientes hospitalizados: revisão sistemática / Hand hygiene of caregivers accompanying hospitalized patients: systematic review

A higienização das mãos é amplamente aceita como uma estratégia-chave na prevenção e controle de infecções, e representa a ação mais importante a ser tomada para reduzir danos evitáveis relacionados à disseminação de microrganismos. Os cuidadores em geral são pessoas leigas, que permanecem no hospital acompanhando e auxiliando no cuidado, portanto, desempenham papel essencial durante o processo de internação dos pacientes. Uma série de fatores podem influenciar a adesão da higienização das mãos dessa população, e diante desse contexto, propôs-se uma revisão sistemática com o objetivo de sintetizar os fatores que influenciam a higienização das mãos dos cuidadores acompanhantes. A estratégia de busca foi construída com base na estratégia PICO, sendo utilizados descritores controlados e seus sinônimos, de acordo com a pergunta da revisão: "Quais fatores influenciam na adesão da higienização das mãos de cuidadores acompanhantes de pacientes hospitalizados?". As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados: Cinahl, Cochrane Library, Embase, Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science. Para consulta da literatura cinzenta utilizou-se a Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, Google Acadêmico e Open Gray, sem aplicação de filtros. Destaca-se que todas as etapas foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes e, no caso de divergências, um terceiro revisor foi consultado. Foram identificados 1564 documentos, sendo 478 duplicados, por conseguinte, 1086 registros foram analisados por meio da leitura de título e resumo. Desses, 66 foram pré-selecionados para leitura na íntegra, dos quais 57 foram excluídos por terem sido realizados com outras populações (n=11), não abordarem a intervenção de interesse (n=3), apresentarem os resultados de cuidadores e outras populações de maneira generalizada (n=11), objetivos que não estão relacionados à temática de interesse (n=6), estudos que não eram originais e/ou de abordagem qualitativa (n=23), desfecho de interesse não avaliado (n=1) ou por não terem sido localizados (n=2). Os nove estudos que atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade foram sintetizados e apresentados na análise qualitativa. A avaliação do risco de viés utilizou as ferramentas apropriadas do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) para estudos randomizados, para estudos de intervenção sem aleatorização e grupo controle. Nos estudos observacionais utilizou-se a ferramenta Axis. A maior parte das evidências sintetizadas são oriundas de estudos observacionais (n=5) e fornecem importantes elementos para prática. Dentre os estudos primários incluídos nessa revisão, sete apresentaram baixo risco de viés, e dois, risco de viés moderado. Devido a heterogeneidade clínica e metodológica entre os estudos primários incluídos a análise quantitativa (metánalise) não foi realizada. Em suma, dois estudos forneceram evidências sobre a disponibilização de recursos para higienização das mãos aos cuidadores acompanhantes como um fator que pode estar fortemente relacionado a adesão a prática, entretanto, disponibilidade de recursos isoladamente não garante a adesão. Evidências acerca da importância do planejamento de abordagens personalizadas e fornecimento de instruções claras e simplificadas, especificas a população de cuidadores acompanhantes foram identificadas em quatro estudos, visto que a compreensão das orientações constitui um importante fator de melhora na adesão a higienização das mãos. Por fim, todos os estudos incluídos nesta revisão sinalizam para o fato de que a união de diferentes fatores e de maneira constante obtém resultados melhores e mais duradouros.

Hand hygiene is widely accepted as a key strategy in the prevention and control of infections and represents a more important action for the prevention of preventable damage related to the spread of microorganisms. Caregivers in general are lay people, who remain in the hospital to accompany and assist in care, therefore, they play an essential role during the process of hospitalization of patients. A number of factors can influence adherence to hand hygiene in this population, and in this context, propose a systematic review in order to synthesize the factors that influence hand hygiene of accompanying caregivers. A search strategy was created based on the PICO strategy, being used to describe controls and their synonyms, according to a review question: "What factors influence the adherence and hand hygiene of doctors accompanying hospitalized patients?". As searches were carried out in the databases: Cinahl, Cochrane Library, Embase, Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. To consult gray literature, use the Brazillian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Google Scholar and Open Gray, without applying filters. It is worth noting that all the steps were carried out by two independent reviewers and, in case of disagreements, a third reviewer was consulted. 1564 documents were created, of which 478 were duplicated, therefore, 1086 records were analyzed by reading the title and summary. Of these, 66 were pre-selected for reading in full, of which 57 were excluded for having been executed with other threats (n = 11), did not address an intervention of interest (n = 3), exhibited the results of four and other situations in a generalized way (n = 11), objectives that are not related to the topic of interest (n = 6), studies that were not original and / or of a qualitative approach (n = 23), unevaluated outcome of interest (n = 1 ) or because they were not found (n = 2). Thus, nine studies met the eligibility criteria, were synthesized and presented in the qualitative analysis. The risk of bias assessment used the appropriate Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools for randomized studies and for intervention studies without randomization and control group and for observational studies, the Axis tool was used. Most of the synthesized evidence comes from observational studies (n = 5) and provides important elements for practice. Among the primary studies included in this review, seven had a low risk of bias, and two had a moderate risk of bias. Due to the clinical and methodological heterogeneity among the included primary studies, quantitative analysis (meta-analysis) was not performed. In summary, two studies provided evidence on the availability of resources for hand hygiene to accompanying caregivers as a factor that can be strongly related to adherence to the practice, however, availability of resources alone does not guarantee adherence. Evidence about the importance of planning personalized approaches and providing clear and simplified instructions, specific to the population of accompanying caregivers, was identified in four studies, since understanding the guidelines is an important factor in improving adherence to hand hygiene. Finally, all the studies included in this review signal the fact that the union of different factors and in a constant manner obtains better and more lasting results.

Hand hygiene: knowledge and skill of caregivers in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / Higiene de las manos: conocimiento y habilidad de cuidadores en el trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas / Higiene das mãos: conhecimento e habilidade de cuidadores no transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the knowledge and ability of caregivers on hand hygiene in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Method: a prospective cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used to identify the knowledge and it was observed the hygiene technique performance. Data were collected in two units (autologous and allogeneic transplant). Results: the 37 participants recognized the importance of hand hygiene and 95.5% related to removal of dirt or infection prevention. 91.9% stated that it was important to clean their hands with soap and water when entering and leaving the room, and 64.9% understood that it was necessary to apply alcoholic solution after washing. On average, the caregivers scored 6.16 steps, when demonstrating the washing technique and 3.91 steps in the friction with alcoholic solution. Conclusion: although they recognize the importance of the procedure, there are deficits related to the moment and the correct way of doing it, evidencing the need for strategies aimed at improving this process.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar el conocimiento y la habilidad de los cuidadores sobre la higiene de las manos en el trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas. Método: estudio transversal prospectivo. Se utilizó un cuestionario para identificar el conocimiento y se observó la ejecución de la técnica de higienización. Los datos fueron recolectados en 2 unidades (transplante autólogo y alogénico). Resultados: los 37 participantes reconocieron la importancia de la higienización de las manos y el 95,5% la relacionaron con remoción de suciedad o prevención de infecciones. 91,9% citaron ser importantes higienizar las manos con agua y jabón al entrar y salir de la habitación, y el 64,9% entendieron que era necesaria la aplicación de una solución alcohólica después del lavado. En promedio, los cuidadores acertaron 6,16 pasos, al demostrar la técnica de lavado, y 3,91 pasos en la fricción con solución alcohólica. Conclusión: aunque reconocen la importancia del procedimiento, hay déficit relacionados con el momento y la forma correcta de realizarlo, evidenciando la necesidad de estrategias para la mejora de ese proceso.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento e habilidade de cuidadores sobre higiene das mãos no transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas. Método: estudo transversal prospectivo. Utilizou-se questionário para identificar o conhecimento e foi observada a execução da técnica de higienização. Os dados foram coletados em duas unidades (transplante autólogo e alogênico). Resultados: os 37 participantes reconheceram a importância da higienização das mãos e 95,5% a relacionaram com remoção de sujidade ou prevenção de infecções. 91,9% citaram ser importante higienizar as mãos com água e sabonete ao entrar e sair do quarto, e 64,9% entenderam ser necessária a aplicação de solução alcoólica após a lavagem. Em média, os cuidadores acertaram 6,16 passos, ao demonstrarem a técnica de lavagem, e 3,91 passos na fricção com solução alcoólica. Conclusão: embora reconheçam a importância do procedimento, há déficits relacionados aos momentos e à forma correta de realizá-lo, evidenciando a necessidade de estratégias visando à melhoria desse processo.

Hand hygiene: knowledge and skill of caregivers in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the knowledge and ability of caregivers on hand hygiene in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHOD: a prospective cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used to identify the knowledge and it was observed the hygiene technique performance. Data were collected in two units (autologous and allogeneic transplant). RESULTS: the 37 participants recognized the importance of hand hygiene and 95.5% related to removal of dirt or infection prevention. 91.9% stated that it was important to clean their hands with soap and water when entering and leaving the room, and 64.9% understood that it was necessary to apply alcoholic solution after washing. On average, the caregivers scored 6.16 steps, when demonstrating the washing technique and 3.91 steps in the friction with alcoholic solution. CONCLUSION: although they recognize the importance of the procedure, there are deficits related to the moment and the correct way of doing it, evidencing the need for strategies aimed at improving this process.